1/8/2024 0 Comments Alpha 1 antitrypsinThe ethical committee of Rafsanjan university of Medical Sciences has approved this study under Ref. This cross-sectional study was conducted on type 1 diabetes patients who referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran. Materials and Methods MaterialsĪcetic acid, Tris, CaCl2, HCl and DMSO were prepared from Merck Company, while A-N-benzyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroaniline (BAPNA), trypsin and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma. Consequently, we designed this examination to compare the AAT activity profile in T1DM patients to healthy individuals. In line with this assumption, it has been documented that the plasma levels of AAT is essentially lower in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) However, reported data about the relationship between the plasma levels of AAT and T1DM is insufficient. Given the ability of AAT in preventing both diabetes formation (in vivo) and β-cell apoptosis (in vitro), a logical assumption could be that AAT deficiency may be associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes. Although the underlying mechanism of AAT in producing these positive therapeutic outcomes is not fully understood, recent trials have shown that AAT treatment can inhibit caspase-3 activity and, as a result, protects pancreatic β-cell against apoptosis. Furthermore, studies have indicated prolongs pancreatic islet allograft survival by administration of pharmaceutical dosages of human AAT and shows islet-related cytoprotective impacts. Recent evidence have showed that over-expression of AAT by gene delivery reduced insulitis and inhibited the progression of overt hyperglycemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The recent studies revealed some mechanisms of activity of AAT which are unrelated to serpin activity. Some studies have reported the anti-inflammatory impacts of AAT on expressing cathepsin G, proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase (NE) by immune cells, and some others pointed to the suppressing effects of AAT on the producing some cytokines and chemokines, complement activation and infiltration of immune cells. Although AAT levels in patients with T1DM seems to be normal, its anti-protease function may reduce due to substantial non-enzymatic glycation and thereby, it might be inert.ĪAT level is genetically managed by alleles presented in various phenotypes, some of which are associated with protein deficit. Furthermore, AAT participates in a variety of procedures, including reactive oxygen species toxicity, endothelial function and apoptosis, cell-mediated immunity/tolerance, neutrophil and endotoxin mediated inflammation, and reproduction. As an acute phase protein, AAT released mainly by pancreatic islets and hepatocytes under inflammatory situations and functions as the leading serine protease inhibitor in blood. However, none of them have led to successful maintenance of residual β-cell function with minimal adverse effects. Accordingly, a number of interventions have recently been conducted aimed to slow this inflammatory process within β-cell. Improved function of residual β-cell reduces the rate of long-term complications and causes better glycemic control in patients. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder caused by chronic autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells). It was concluded that that the lack of AAT may be related to the increased risk of T1DM developing. The frequency of phenotype MM in healthy individual was 100% and in T1DM patients, the prevalence of phenotype MM, MS and MZ was 61.9%, 23.8% and 14.3%, respectively ( P < 0.001). The activity of plasma AAT and the serum TIC level of patients with T1DM (2.35 ± 0.34 μmol/min/ml) was significantly lower than healthy participants (3.36 ± 0.36 μmol/min/ml). Plasma samples were analyzed for phenotype, AAT concentration, blood glucose and lipid levels were measured. The serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) was assessed. The present study was conducted on 42 patients with T1DM who referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran, and 42 healthy control individuals who were matched for age, sex and smoking habits. In the current examination, the AAT activity in T1DM and healthy individuals was measured using enzymatic assay. It has been thought that that AAT plays a role in prolonging islet allograft survival, preventing the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and hindering β-cell apoptosis of pancreas. Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an inhibitor of serine protease, which has shown anti-inflammatory reactions in a variety of diseases.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |